Using concept maps in digital libraries as a cross-language resource discovery tool Ryan Richardson and Edward A. Fox   View Paper (PDF)   Return to Tools and techniques track: browsing and visualizing collections Abstract The concept map, first suggested by Joseph Novak, has been extensively studied as a way for learners to increase understanding. We are automatically generating and translating concept maps from electronic theses and dissertations, for both English and Spanish, as a DL aid to discovery and summarization. ©2006 Association for Computing Machinery