Author Index - C Authors are sorted by last name below: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Komanduru Sai C SE-LEGO: creating metasearch engines on demand Felipe Cabrera The Future of Web services - II Abstract - Web Services (Session C8) Jonathan J. Cadiz Stuff I've seen: a system for personal information retrieval and re-use Manuel Caeiro A Conceptual Modelling Framework for Standards-Driven Web-Based Distance Learning Vinny Cahill Taxonomy of Distributed Event-Based Programming Systems STEAM: Event-Based Middleware for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Jin-yi Cai X-Diff: An Effective Change Detection Algorithm for XML Documents Lijuan Cai Text categorization by boosting automatically extracted concepts Xia Cai The ed-tree: An Index for Large DNA Sequence Databases Y. Dora Cai CoMine: Efficient Mining of Correlated Patterns Zhiyuan Cai M-Kernel Merging: Towards Density Estimation over Data Streams Nadia Caidi Cross-Cultural Usability for Digital Libraries Digital Libraries Across Cultures: Design and Usability Issues Outcomes of the "Cross-Cultural Usability for Digital Libraries" workshop at JCDL '03 Sylvie Calabretto A Multilingual Information System Based on Knowledge Representation Pável Calado The Web-DL Environment for Building Digital Libraries from the Web Coral Calero Towards a database body of knowledge: a study from Spain Andrea Calì On the decidability and complexity of query answering over inconsistent and incomplete databases Accessing Data Integration Systems through Conceptual Schemas On the Expressive Power of Data Integration Systems Jamie Callan Content-based retrieval in hybrid peer-to-peer networks Collaborative filtering with decoupled models for preferences and ratings Combining document representations for known-item search Relevant document distribution estimation method for resource selection Resource selection and data fusion in multimedia distributed digital libraries MIND: resource selection and data fusion in multimedia distributed digital libraries Challenges in Information Retrieval and Language Modeling From the Chair SIGIR 2003 Workshop on Distributed Information Retrieval Diego Calvanese View-based query containment Reasoning on regular path queries Accessing Data Integration Systems through Conceptual Schemas On the Expressive Power of Data Integration Systems View-based Query Processing for Semistructured Data Anwering Recursive Queries under Keys and Foreign Keys is Undecidable Michael Cammert A Status Report on XXL - a Software Infrastructure for Efficient Query Processing Elena Camossi A multigranular spatiotemporal data model Charles E. Campbell XML schema Christopher S. Campbell Expertise identification using email communications Linair Maria Campos A data mart approach for monitoring Web services usage and evaluating quality of services Fazli Can Automatic ranking of retrieval systems in imperfect environments K. Selçuk Candan Freshness-driven Adaptive Caching for Dynamic Content Effects of User Request Patterns on a Multimedia Delivery System CachePortal II: Acceleration of Very Large Scale Data Center-Hosted Database-driven Web Applications Kui Cao A GRA-based relevance feedback technique for content-based image retrieval Yinyan Cao On Warehousing Historical Web Information Albertas Caplinskas A Framework to Analyse and Evaluate Information Systems Specification Languages Doina Caragea Towards Simple, Easy-to-Understand, yet Accurate Classifiers Jorge Cardoso IntelliGEN: A Distributed Workflow System for Discovering Protein-Protein Interactions Leonardo Figueiredo Cardoso An Improved Approach in Data Warehousing ETLM Process for Detection of Changes in Source Data Michael J. Carey The BEA/XQRL Streaming XQuery Processor David Carmel Efficient query evaluation using a two-level retrieval process The connectivity sonar: detecting site functionality by structural patterns Searching XML documents via XML fragments Donald Carney Aurora: A Data Stream Management System Scalable Distributed Stream Processing Index Hint for On-demand Broadcasting Scalable Application-Aware Data Freshening Operator Scheduling in a Data Stream Manager Aurora: a new model and architecture for data stream management Christopher D. Carothers Improving spatial locality of programs via data mining Tamra Carpenter Caching for Mobile Communication Les Carr Decentering the dancing text: from dance intertext to hypertext Silvio Antonio Carro MedISeek: a web based diffusion system for medical visual information Robert L. Carter Caching for Mobile Communication Joyce C. P. Carvalho Finding similar identities among objects from multiple web sources Alain Casali Extracting semantics from data cubes using cube transversals and closures Extracting Semantics from Data Cubes using Cube Transversals and Closures Marco A. Casanova Workflow Execution in Disconnected Environments Generating rules for incremental maintenance of XML view of relational data Lillian N. Cassel Convergence of Knowledge Management and E-Learning: The GetSmart Experience The XML Log Standard for Digital Libraries: Analysis, Evolution, and Deployment Nicholas L. Cassimatis A Framework for Answering Queries using Multiple Representation and Inference Techniques Donatella Castelli A System for Building Expandable Digital Libraries Barbara Catania Securing Your Data in Agent-Based P2P Systems A reference framework for integrating multiple representations of geographical maps Rebecca Cathey Misuse detection for information retrieval systems Ann Christine Catlin Medical Video Mining for Efficient Database Indexing, Management and Access Video Query Processing in the VDBMS Testbed for Video Database Research Simon Cawley Machine Learning in Low-Level Microarray Analysis Ugur Çetintemel Aurora: A Data Stream Management System Scalable Distributed Stream Processing The Aurora and Medusa Projects Load Shedding in a Data Stream Manager Operator Scheduling in a Data Stream Manager Michal Ceresna Web Information Acquisition with Lixto Suite Stefano Ceri Architectural Issues and Solutions in the Development of Data-Intensive Web Applications Constructing and integrating data-centric Web applications: methods, tools, and techniques Carmine Cesarano An intelligent search agent system for semantic information retrieval on the internet Guang-Ho Cha Bitmap Indexing Method for Complex Similarity Queries with Relevance Feedback Sang Kyun Cha Active System for Heterogeneous ODBMS Using Mobile Rule Codes Wei Chai Structural Analysis of Musical Signals for Indexing and Thumbnailing V. Prasad Chakka Indexing Large Trajectory Data Sets With SETI Soumen Chakrabarti User Interaction in the BANKS System Cross-training: learning probabilistic mappings between topics Cross-Training: Learning Probabilistic Mappings Between Topics Fast and accurate text classification via multiple linear discriminant projections Sharma Chakravarthy Database Research at UT Arlington Queueing analysis of relational operators for continuous data streams Maintenance Policy Selection in Heterogeneous Data Warehouse Environments: A Heuristics-Based Approach A Heuristic for Refresh Policy Selection in Heterogeneous Environments Hans Chalupsky Unsupervised Link Discovery in Multi-relational Data via Rarity Analysis Donald D. Chamberlin XQuery: A Query Language for XML 2003 SIGMOD Innovations Award Speech Chee Yong Chan Capturing both Types and Constraints in Data Integration Philip K. Chan Learning Rules for Anomaly Detection of Hostile Network Traffic Raymond Chan Mining High Utility Itemsets Sarah Chan Mining Emerging Substrings Sandeep Chandra A Modeling and Execution Environment for Distributed Scientific Workflows Sashikanth Chandrasekaran Shared Cache - The Future of Parallel Databases Sirish Chandrasekaran TelegraphCQ: Continuous Dataflow Processing TelegraphCQ: Continuous Dataflow Processing for an Uncertain World TelegraphCQ: An Architectural Status Report Flux: An Adaptive Partitioning Operator for Continuous Query Systems PSoup: a system for streaming queries over streaming data Amy Chang BioSci Education Network (BEN) Collaborativ Chi-Feng Chang Enhancing Techniques for Efficient Topic Hierarchy Integration Edward Y. Chang MEMS-based Disk Buffer for Streaming Media Servers The anatomy of a multimodal information filter Ee-Chien Chang Distributed multivariate regression based on influential observations Jae-Woo Chang A New High-Dimensional Index Structure Using a Cell-Based Filtering Technique Joong Hyuk Chang estWin: adaptively monitoring the recent change of frequent itemsets over online data streams Finding recent frequent itemsets adaptively over online data streams Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang Statistical Schema Matching across Web Query Interfaces Li-Pin Chang An efficient r-tree implementation over flash-memory storage systems Ya-Hui Chang A Graphical Query Language for Mobile Information Systems Supporting Selection-Projection XQuery Processing Based on Encoding Paths Samuel T. Chanson Coordinated Management of Cascaded Caches for Efficient Content Distribution Chih-Chien Chao Educational Tools in Support of the Stanford MediaServer A. C. Chapin An Application of Multiple Viewpoints to Content-Based Image Retrieval Adriane Chapman TIMBER: A Native System for Querying XML Philippe Charles Streaming XPath Processing with Forward and Backward Axes Michael Chau NanoPort: An Example for Building Knowledge Portals for Scientific Domains Surajit Chaudhuri Robust and Efficient Fuzzy Match for Online Data Cleaning Factorizing Complex Predicates in Queries to Exploit Indexes Dynamic Sample Selection for Approximate Query Processing On Relational Support for XML Publishing: Beyond Sorting and Tagging Automated Ranking of Database Query Results Storage and Retrieval of XML Data using Relational Databases Efficient Creation of Statistics over Query Expressions Automating Layout of Relational Databases Primitives for Workload Summarization and Implications for SQL A Database Striptease or How to Manage Your Personal Databases Sudarshan S. Chawathe XPath Queries on Streaming Data Streaming XPath Queries in XSQ Sanjay Chawla Complex Spatial Relationships Bai-Hsun Chen Modularization Framework for Digital Museum Exhibition Ching-chih Chen Automated Semantic Annotation and Retrieval Based on Sharable Ontology and Case-Based Learning Techniques Chung-Min Chen Replication and retrieval strategies of multidimensional data on parallel disks Cindy Xinmin Chen SQL: A Spatio-Temporal Data Model and Query Language Design and Implementation of a Temporal Extension of SQL Dechang Chen Algorithms for Spatial Outlier Detection Francine Chen A System for new event detection Hsinchun Chen Genescene: Biomedical Text And Data Mining Convergence of Knowledge Management and E-Learning: The GetSmart Experience CMedPort: A Cross-Regional Chinese Medical Portal EconPort: A Digital Library for Microeconomics Educatio NanoPort: An Example for Building Knowledge Portals for Scientific Domains Hsuan-Yu Chen Enhancing Techniques for Efficient Topic Hierarchy Integration Ing-Ray Chen Analyzing User-Perceived Dependability and Performance Characteristics of Voting Algorithms for Managing Replicated Data Jacqueline Chen Using Bitmap Index for Iteractive Exploration of Large Datasets Keke Chen Validating and Refining Clusters via Visual Rendering A Visual Framework Invites Human into the Clustering Process Ming-Syan Chen Exploring group mobility for replica data allocation in a mobile environment Broadcasting Dependent Data for Ordered Queries without Replication in a Multi-Channel Mobile Environment Clustering Item Data Sets with Association-Taxonomy Similarity A Regression-Based Temporal Pattern Mining Scheme for Data Streams VIPAS: Virtual Link Powered Authority Search in the Web Shu Lei Chen Automated Semantic Annotation and Retrieval Based on Sharable Ontology and Case-Based Learning Techniques Shu-Ching Chen Image Database Retrieval Utilizing Affinity Relationships Songting Chen A Transactional Model for Data Warehouse Maintenance Tielin Chen Postprocessing Decision Trees to Extract Actionable Knowledge Ya Bing Chen Designing Valid XML Views A Flexible Cost Model for Abstract Object-Oriented Database Schemas Yi-Ping Phoebe Chen Sports Video Summarization Using Highlights and Play-breaks Yi-Shin Chen An Adaptive Recommendation System without Explicit Acquisition of User Relevance Feedback Yixin Chen Content-based Image Retrieval by Clustering Yuguo Chen Efficient Maintenance of Materialized Top-k Views Zheng Chen CBC: Clustering Based Text Classification Requiring Minimal Labeled Data Implicit link analysis for small web search Building a web thesaurus from web link structure ReCoM: reinforcement clustering of multi-type interrelated data objects Zhi-Kai Chen NanoPort: An Example for Building Knowledge Portals for Scientific Domains Zhimin Chen From Tree Patterns to Generalized Tree Patterns: On Efficient Evaluation of XQuery Antonio S. Cheng A reliable storage management layer for distributed information retrieval systems Christine T. Cheng Replication and retrieval strategies of multidimensional data on parallel disks Jiefeng Cheng PathGuide: An Efficient Clustering Based Indexing Method for XML Path Expressions Lok-Lam Cheng Approximate String Matching in DNA Sequences Pu-Jen Cheng Auto-generation of topic hierarchies for web images from users' perspectives Qi Cheng WinMagic : Subquery Elimination Using Window Aggregation Reynold Cheng Evaluating Probabilistic Queries over Imprecise Data Managing uncertainty in sensor database Querying Imprecise Data in Moving Object Environments Wen-Huang Cheng Semantic Context Detection based on Hierarchical Audio Models Samira Si-Said Cherfi Conceptual Modeling Quality - From EER to UML Schemas Evaluation Mitch Cherniack Aurora: A Data Stream Management System Reminiscences an Influential Papers Scalable Distributed Stream Processing The Aurora and Medusa Projects Profile-Driven Cache Management Load Shedding in a Data Stream Manager Operator Scheduling in a Data Stream Manager Avoiding Sorting and Grouping In Processing Queries Aurora: a new model and architecture for data stream management Jacques Cherrier Passenger-based predictive modeling of airline no-show rates Passenger-Based Predictive Modeling of Airline No-show Rates David W. Cheung Maintenance of Partial-Sum-Based Histograms Similarity Search in Sets and Categorical Data Using the Signature Tree David Wai-Lok Cheung Approximate String Matching in DNA Sequences Kent K. T. Cheung An Evolutionary Optimization Approach for 3D Human Head Model Classification Shing-Chi Cheung A Meta-model for e-Contract Template Variable Dependencies Facilitating e-Negotiation Elaine Chew Creating Data Resources for Designing User-centric Front-ends for Query by Humming Systems Chi-Hung Chi A New Algorithm for Page Access Sequencing in Join Processing Angelo Chianese Dissolve Detection in a video sequence based on Animate Vision Roger H. L. Chiang Fourth International Workshop on Web Information and Data Management Computing complete answers to queries in the presence of limited access patterns Instance-based attribute identification in database integration Lee-Feng Chien Auto-generation of topic hierarchies for web images from users' perspectives Rada Chirkova Materializing views with minimal size to answer queries Bill Yuan-chi Chiu A Symbolic Representation of Time Series, with Implications for Streaming Algorithms Probabilistic discovery of time series motifs Dickson K. W. Chiu A Three-Layer Model for Workflow Semantic Recovery in an Object-Oriented Environment A Meta-model for e-Contract Template Variable Dependencies Facilitating e-Negotiation Dae-Soo Cho Efficient Region Query Processing by Optimal Page Ordering Junghoo Cho Effective page refresh policies for Web crawlers Moonjung Cho MaPle: A Fast Algorithm for Maximal Pattern-based Clustering SungRan Cho LockX: A System for Efficiently Querying Secure XML Byron Choi Implementing XQuery 10: The Galax Experience Chi-Hon Choi An Efficient and Interactive A*-Algorithm with Pruning Power: Materialized View Selection Revisited Ikkyu Choi Topic distillation using hierarchy concept tree Jan Chomicki Skyline with Presorting Preference formulas in relational queries Eugene Inseok Chong A mapping mechanism to support bitmap index and other auxiliary structures on tables stored as primary B-trees O. W. Chong A New Algorithm for Page Access Sequencing in Join Processing Timothy Chorma Supporting Ancillary Values from User Defined Functions in Oracle Monojit Choudhury ABHIDHA: An extended WordNet for Indo-Aryan Languages Berthe Y. Choueiry A New Efficient Algorithm for Solving the Simple Temporal Problem Abdur Chowdhury Extracting unstructured data from template generated web documents Using titles and category names from editor-driven taxonomies for automatic evaluation Operational requirements for scalable search systems Using manually-built web directories for automatic evaluation of known-item retrieval Vassilis Christophides E-services: a look behind the curtain The ICS-FORTH Semantic Web Integration Middleware (SWIM) Panos K. Chrysanthis Report on the 4th International Conference on Mobile Data Management Multiversion Data Broadcast Organizations Data Engineering for Mobile and Wireless Access An Optimized Multicast-based Data Dissemination Middleware Chih-Ping Chu Analyzing User-Perceived Dependability and Performance Characteristics of Voting Algorithms for Managing Replicated Data Wei-Ta Chu Semantic Context Detection based on Hierarchical Audio Models Wesley W. Chu TBE: Trigger-By-Example Constraints-Preserving Transformation from XML Document Type Definition to Relational Schema Yi-Chun Chu How to Turn the Page Tat-Seng Chua A Bootstrapping Approach to Annotating Large Image Collection Structured use of external knowledge for event-based open domain question answering A maximal figure-of-merit learning approach to text categorization Kun-Ta Chuang Clustering Item Data Sets with Association-Taxonomy Similarity Daniel Chudnov The DSpace Institutional Digital Repository System: Current Functionality Darya Chudova Translation-invariant mixture models for curve clustering Translation-Invariant Mixture Models for Curve Clustering Chin-Wan Chung XPRESS: A Queriable Compression for XML Data Qcluster: Relevance Feedback Using Adaptive Clustering for Content-Based Image Retrieval Hao-Hsiang Chung The Hybrid Poisson Aspect Model for Personalized Shopping Recommendation IlYoung Chung Efficient Cache Management Protocol Based on Data Locality in Mobile DBMSs Misun Chung Extracting unstructured data from template generated web documents Wingyan Chung CMedPort: A Cross-Regional Chinese Medical Portal W. Bret Church Integrating, Managing and Analyzing Protein Structures with XML Databases Fulvio Ciapessoni Architectural Issues and Solutions in the Development of Data-Intensive Web Applications Angelo E. M. Ciarlini Understanding and Simulating Narratives in the Context of Information Systems Rosine Cicchetti Extracting semantics from data cubes using cube transversals and closures Extracting Semantics from Data Cubes using Cube Transversals and Closures Mariano Cilia Looking into the Past: Enhancing Mobile Publish/Subscribe Middleware Charles L. A. Clarke A reliable storage management layer for distributed information retrieval systems Passage retrieval vs document retrieval for factoid question answering Edmund M. Clarke Counterexample-Guided Abstraction Refinement Kajal T. Claypool Gangam: A Transformation Modeling Framework ROVER: A Framework for the Evolution of Relationships Chris Clifton Assuring privacy when big brother is watching Privacy-preserving k-means clustering over vertically partitioned data Privacy-Preserving K-Means Clustering over Vertically Partitioned Data Privacy-Enhanced Data Management for Next-Generation e-Commerce Paul Clough Assessing the effectiveness of pen-based input queries Sophie Cluet Who needs XML Databases? Gregory Cobena Dynamic XML documents with distribution and replication Managing Distributed Workspaces with Active XML Munir Cochinwala Caching for Mobile Communication Frans Coenen T-Trees, Vertical Partitioning and Distributed Association Rule Mining Edith Cohen Maintaining time-decaying stream aggregates Ira Cohen Semi-supervised Learning for Facial Expression Recognition Saar Cohen Spectral Bloom Filters Sara Cohen Algorithms for Rewriting Aggregate Queries Using Views Containment of Aggregate Queries XSEarch: A Semantic Search Engine for XML William W. Cohen Learning and Discovering Structure in Web Pages Beyond independent relevance: methods and evaluation metrics for subtopic retrieval Understanding captions in biomedical publications Timothy W. Cole Utility of an OAI Service Provider Search Portal Matthew Coleman A Modeling and Execution Environment for Distributed Scientific Workflows George Colliat Data Management Challenges in CRM Cal T. Collins BioSci Education Network (BEN) Collaborativ Isabelle Comyn-Wattiau Dimension Hierarchies Design from UML Generalizations and Aggregations Conceptual Modeling Quality - From EER to UML Schemas Evaluation Gao Cong Carpenter: finding closed patterns in long biological datasets Jack G. Conrad Online duplicate document detection: signature reliability in a dynamic retrieval environment Rainer Conrad XML Conceptual Modeling Using UML Stefan Conrad A Semantic Web based Identification Mechanism for Databases Mariano P. Consens A Comprehensive XQuery to SQL Translation using Dynamic Interval Encoding Carlo Conserva Architectural Issues and Solutions in the Development of Data-Intensive Web Applications Christian Convey Aurora: A Data Stream Management System Aurora: a new model and architecture for data stream management Diane J. Cook Improving Home Automation by Discovering Regularly Occurring Device Usage Patterns Graph-based anomaly detection Graph-based Relational Learning: Current and Future Directions Dianne Cook Towards Simple, Easy-to-Understand, yet Accurate Classifiers Colleen Cool Query length in interactive information retrieval Brian Cooper Peer-to-peer research at Stanford Owen Cooper TelegraphCQ: Continuous Dataflow Processing TelegraphCQ: Continuous Dataflow Processing for an Uncertain World TelegraphCQ: An Architectural Status Report Graham Cormode What's hot and what's not: tracking most frequent items dynamically Finding Hierarchical Heavy Hitters in Data Streams Todd Cornett Securely sharing neuroimagery A. Coronato Video on Demand System Accessibility Enhancement Carlos Rojas Coronel TECNO-STREAMS: Tracking Evolving Clusters in Noisy Data Streams with a Scalable Immune System Learning Model Nuno Correia HyperReal: a hypermedia model for mixed reality Gianni Costa XQueC: Pushing Queries to Compressed XML Data João Pedro Costa Time-Stratified Sampling for Approximate Answers to Aggregate Queries The BofS Solution to Limitations of Approximate Summaries Rogério Luís de Carvalho Costa Database Allocation Strategies for Parallel BLAST Evaluation on Clusters Dolors Costal Relationship Type Refinement in Conceptual Models with Multiple Classification Steve Counsell Do adaptation rules improve web cost estimation? Simon Courtenage Specifying and Detecting Composite Events in Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Systems Mélanie Courtine Improving Classification of Microarray Data using Prototype-based Feature Selection James C. Cox EconPort: A Digital Library for Microeconomics Educatio Fabio Cozman Semi-supervised Learning for Facial Expression Recognition Alex Cozzi Expertise identification using email communications Graph-Based Ranking Algorithms for E-mail Expertise Analysis Elly Cramer Contribution and Collaboration Strategies for the National Science Digital Library (nsdlorg): Investigating Technological Solutions to Facilitate Social Evolution of a Collaborative Infrastructur Gregory Crane Towards a Cultural Heritage Digital Library Charles D. Cranor Gigascope: A Stream Database for Network Applications The Gigascope Stream Database Leslie Cranston Multi-Dimensional Clustering: A New Data Layout Scheme in DB2 Efficient Query Processing for Multi-Dimensionally Clustered Tables in DB2 Nick Craswell Summary of the SIGIR 2003 Workshop on Defining Evaluation Methodologies for Terabyte-Scale Test Collections Mark Craven Biological Applications of Multi-Relational Data Mining Cosmin Cremarenco Managing Distributed Workspaces with Active XML Valter Crescenzi Fine-grain web site structure discovery Arturo Crespo Peer-to-peer research at Stanford Fabio Crestani Resource selection and data fusion in multimedia distributed digital libraries SIGIR 2003 Workshop on Distributed Information Retrieval Marco Cristo Combining link-based and content-based methods for web document classification Terence Critchlow Multi-resolution modeling of large scale scientific simulation data The Evolution of a Hierarchical Partitioning Algorithm for Large-Scale Scientific Data Three Steps of Increasing Complexity A Modeling and Execution Environment for Distributed Scientific Workflows W. Bruce Croft Relevant query feedback in statistical language modeling Time-based language models Language Models for Information Retrieval Salton Award Lecture - Information retrieval and computer science: an evolving relationship Table extraction using conditional random fields Generating hierarchical summaries for web searches Challenges in Information Retrieval and Language Modeling Christophe Cruz Managing IFC for civil engineering projects Isabel F. Cruz A Framework for the Dynamic Presentation of Fused Multimedia Databases A Web Query System for Heterogenous Spatial Data Pedro Cruz XomatiQ: Living With Genomes, Proteomes, Relations and a Little Bit of XML Sérgio Manuel Serra da Cruz A data mart approach for monitoring Web services usage and evaluating quality of services Philippe Cudré-Mauroux P-Grid: a self-organizing structured P2P system Gianpaolo Cugola Introducing Reliability in Content-Based Publish-Subscribe through Epidemic Algorithms Bin Cui Contorting High Dimensional Data for Efficient Main Memory Processing Supporting Frequent Updates in R-Trees: A Bottom-Up Approach Y. Cui Efficient OLAP Operations for Spatial Data Using Peano Trees Yingwei Cui Lineage tracing for general data warehouse transformations Edward Cutrell Stuff I've seen: a system for personal information retrieval and re-use ©2004 Association for Computing Machinery